Pulmonary tuberculosis with false-positive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography mimicking recurrent lung cancer: A case report

Recurrent lung cancer is a common clinical condition. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is currently the predominant non-invasive imaging technique used for the detection of tumor recurrence. In the present study, the case of a 67-year-old male suspected to have postoperative recurrence of primary lung cancer was examined. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans identified a subpleural nodule grown within a short time period, along with the occurrence of multiple patchy shadows on the right lung. PET-CT scans revealed an increased FDG uptake in the surgical site, which exhibited features of a malignant disease. However, a video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy provided the diagnosis of tuberculosis and guided further appropriate treatment. In conclusion, further evaluation is required in all patients with suspected metastatic and recurrent carcinoma.